Background

The University of Tennessee Medical Center’s (UTMC) Breast Health Outreach Program (BHOP) provides mobile mammography breast cancer screening to its 21-county service area. Desiring reductions to barriers for appropriate screening, BHOP utilization is regardless of a woman’s insurance status. Hypothesis: there is a difference between insured/uninsured women. Eight variables (see table) were analyzed including counties with stationary mammography equipment (SME).

Methods

Data was collected from the UTMC’s BHOP mammography screenings’ prospectively maintained database from 2008-2022 (n=44,156). The statistical analysis methods included frequencies, cross-tabulation tables, chi-square, unadjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals and logistic regression. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 29.

Results

Of women screened on the MMU, 36,643 (83.0%) were insured while 7,513 (17.0%) were uninsured. Uninsured had significantly higher odds of abnormal results (OR=1.20, 95% CI 1.05–1.37, p=0.006), first mammogram encounter (OR=2.37, 95% CI 2.18-2.56, p<0.001), minority race/ethnicity status (OR=3.08, 95% CI 2.88-3.30, p<0.001), living in a rural county (OR=1.43, 95% CI 1.36-1.50, p<0.001), and greater than 1 year since their last mammogram (ORs ranging from 1.20-3.57 for increasing time, p<0.001). After age 50, the odds of being uninsured decreased significantly (ORs ranging from 0.91 to 0.04, p<0.001). Uninsured had significantly less odds of being married (OR=1.47, 95% CI 1.40-1.55, p<0.001), or living in a county with SME (OR=2.18, 95% CI 2.04-2.33, p<0.001).

Conclusions

Analysis showed that uninsured women are less likely to receive screenings at frequent intervals, have abnormal findings, not receive previous mammograms, live in a rural county, and not live in a county with SME. After age 50, the odds of being uninsured decrease. Uninsured are more likely to not be married, and a minority. This data leads us to recommend targeting uninsured women.

 
Variable/Level Uninsured Insured OR (95% CI) P-Value
Age Group
40-50 Years 2846 (38.2%) 10265 (28.2%) Reference 0.001
< 40 Years 133 (1.8%) 1117 (3.1%) 0.43 (0.36-0.52) 0.001
50-60 Years 2941 (39.4%) 11724 (32.3%) 0.91 (0.85-0.96) 0.001
60-75 Years 1514 (20.3%) 11157 (30.7%) 0.49 (0.46-0.52) 0.001
75+ Years 24 (0.3%) 2089 (5.7%) 0.04 (0.03-0.06) 0.001
Last Mammogram
0-1 Years 3275 (53.8%) 21275 (64.2%) Reference 0.001
2-3 Years 1559 (25.6%) 8426 (25.4%) 1.20 (1.13-1.28) 0.001
4-5 Years 546 (9.0%) 1769 (5.3%) 2.00 (1.81-2.22) 0.001
6-10 Years 545 (9.0%) 1373 (4.1%) 2.58 (2.32-2.87) 0.001
11+ Years 159 (2.6%) 289 (0.9%) 3.57 (2.94-4.35) 0.001
Abnormal Results
Yes 283 (3.8%) 1156 (3.2%) 1.20 (1.05-1.37) 0.006
No 7230 (96.2%) 35487 (96.8%)
Marital Status
No 3518 (47.6%) 13838 (38.2%)
Yes 3866 (52.4%) 22385 (61.8%) 1.47 (1.40-1.55) 0.001
Race and Ethnicity
Minority 1447 (19.4%) 2630 (7.2%) 3.08 (2.88-3.30) 0.001
White, Not Hispanic or Latino 6020 (80.6%) 33741 (92.8%)
First Mammogram
Yes 972 (12.9%) 2166 (5.9%) 2.37 (2.18-2.56) 0.001
No 6541 (87.1%) 34477 (94.1%)
Rural Counties
Yes 3950 (52.6%) 16012 (43.7%) 1.43 (1.36-1.50) 0.001
No 3563 (47.4%) 20631 (56.3%)
SME Counties
No 1470 (19.6%) 3680 (10.0%)
Yes 6043 (80.4%) 32963 (88.3%) 2.18 (2.04-2.33) 0.001