| TIGIT |
CD112, CD155 |
Competes with CD226 to deliver an inhibitory signal, thereby causing an immunosuppressive effect by decreasing T-cell activation, function and inhibition of NK cell activity[@188924; @188925; @188926] |
NCT05537051,
NCT05102214,
NCT04047862,
NCT05120375,
NCT05417321,
NCT05073484,
NCT04457778,
NCT05390528,
NCT04374877,
NCT04761198,
NCT03667716,
NCT04995523 |
| TIM-3 |
Galectin-9, HMGB, CAECAM, PtdSer |
Negative regulator of T-cell response, improves antigen cross presentation, expressed on dysfunctional and exhausted T-cells.[@188926; @188939] May be associated with PD-L1 resistance.[@188940] |
NCT03489343,
NCT05236608
NCT05357651,
NCT03311412,
NCT03752177,
NCT03708328,
NCT02817633,
NCT04623892,
NCT05645315,
NCT04931654,
NCT05144698,
NCT04773951,
NCT02608268,
NCT03307785, |
| LAG-3 |
MHC-II |
Negatively regulates the T-helper cell activation and proliferation, aiding tumor cells to evade immune surveillance[@188941; @188942; @188943; @188944; @188945] |
NCT03252938
NCT05101109
NCT05078593
NCT05400265
NCT04618393
NCT04706715
NCT04641871
NCT04140500
NCT03250832
NCT05134948
NCT01968109
NCT02966548
NCT03744468
NCT05144698
NCT05410717
NCT04374877
NCT03219268
NCT03849469
NCT02465060
NCT03607890
NCT03678883
NCT05346276
NCT03625323 |
| 4-1BB (CD137) |
4-1BBL |
Known to have immunomodulatory and potential anti-tumor effects as it can stimulate and amplify proliferation and function of cytotoxic T-cells.[@188946; @188947] |
NCT05117242
NCT05360381
NCT05638334
NCT05159388
NCT04442126
NCT04762641
NCT04903873
NCT03809624
NCT04937153
NCT05040932
NCT04144842
NCT05523947
NCT04839991
NCT04121676 |
| NKG2A |
HLA-E |
When activated by its ligand, HLA E (MHC Class I molecule) it dimerized with CD94 and triggers the suppression of NK cells and T cells.[@188948] |
NCT04914351, |
| OX-40 (CD134) |
OX-40L (CD252) |
OX40 and its ligand depend on the cell its present on and the interaction has a strong immunologic and anti-tumor effect due to the promotion of proliferation of immune cells[@188949; @188950] |
NCT04991506
NCT04730843
NCT04215978
NCT04198766
NCT03894618
NCT05105971
NCT03831295
NCT05229601
NCT03739931
NCT04952272
NCT04387071
NCT03217747 |
| A2aR |
A2aR |
Catabolism of ATP by CD73 in tumor microenvironment leads to high levels of adenosine which interacts with its receptors leading to immune suppression and exhaustion and tumor growth[@188951; @188952] |
NCT03207867 |
| VISTA |
VSIG,[@188953] to be identified |
Inhibits T-cell proliferation and cytokine and chemokine production by T-cells[@188954; @188955] |
NCT03849469,
NCT05082610,
NCT03740256,
NCT04475523 |
| B7H3 (CD276) |
To be identified |
Negatively regulates T-cell function and plays a role in T-cell inhibition, preferentially T helper cells[@188956; @188957; @188958] |
NCT05276609
NCT05276609
NCT05190185,
NCT04842812,
NCT05293496,
NCT04145622,
NCT05341492,
NCT05405621 |